Archaeological Sites in Türkiye
City/town/settlement in Türkiye (49)
Adada Antik Kenti
Adada is an ancient Pisidian city near the village of Sagrak in Isparta Province, Turkey, first mentioned in a 2nd-century BC inscription from Termessos. The site flourished…
Aigai Ancient City
An ancient Greek city in Aeolis near modern Yuntdagi Koseler, Manisa Province, Turkey, founded in the late 8th century BC. Listed by Herodotus and Strabo as a member of the…
Aizanoi
Aizanoi was an Ancient Greek city in western Anatolia, located at the modern village of Çavdarhisar near Kütahya, Turkey, on both sides of the Penkalas River at approximately…
Alabanda
Alabanda (or Antiochia of the Chrysaorians) was an ancient Carian city in Anatolia, located near modern Doğanyurt, Çine, in Aydın Province, Turkey [1]. The site features notable…
Alexandria Troas Ruins
Alexandria Troas was founded in 306 BC by Antigonus and renamed by Lysimachus in 301 BC in honor of Alexander the Great. Located near modern Dalyan in Turkey's Canakkale Province,…
Alinda Ören Yeri
Alinda was an ancient Carian city in inland Caria, Asia Minor (modern Turkey), identified with the Hellenistic Alexandria ad Latmum[1][2]. Perched on a defensible mountain…
Allianoi
Allianoi is an ancient Roman spa settlement dating from the 1st to 5th century AD, located 18 km northeast of Bergama (ancient Pergamon) in Turkey's İzmir Province [1]. The site…
Amos Antik Kenti
Amos (also spelled Ammos) was an ancient Carian settlement located near modern Turunç in southwestern Turkey [1]. In 2025, ongoing excavations continued to explore the ancient…
Anavarza Ruins
Anavarza (Anazarbus) is an ancient city in southern Turkey with well-preserved Roman and Byzantine ruins. The site features a 1,500-metre city wall with 20 bastions and four gates…
Ancient City of Blaundus
A Hellenistic city founded by Macedonian soldiers of the Seleucid army in the late 4th or early 3rd century BC, perched above the Ulubey Canyon in Usak Province, Turkey. Its ruins…
Ancient City of Kibyra
Ruins of the principal city of the Cibyratis, a 2nd-century BC confederation of four cities (Kibyra, Bubon, Balubura, Oenoanda) where Kibyra held two votes. At its peak it could…
Ancient City of Pergamon
Capital of the Attalid dynasty (281-133 BC), Pergamon was a major Hellenistic intellectual center in western Turkey. Its acropolis held the famous Library of Pergamon with…
Ancient City of Perrin
(1st–5th c. AD) Perrhe was one of the five major cities of the Kingdom of Commagene, located in modern Örenli, northern Adıyaman, Turkey[1]. The city grew around a famous spring…
Ancient City of Selge
Ancient city in Pisidia, on the southern slope of Mount Taurus where the Eurymedon River cuts through the mountains[1]. Key ruins include sections of the encircling wall,…
Ancient City of Sillyon
An ancient Pamphylian city built on a flat-topped hill rising 210 meters above the coastal plain near Antalya, Turkey. Reportedly founded by settlers from Argos, it was a Delian…
Ancient City of Telmessos
Telmessos was the largest city in ancient Lycia, located near the modern town of Fethiye in southwestern Turkey[1]. The city flourished from approximately 1500 BC to 500 BC,…
Ancient City of Troy
Located at Hisarlik in northwestern Turkey, Troy is one of the world's most famous archaeological sites with 4,000 years of continuous habitation. Nine major occupation layers…
Ancient City of Xanthos
Xanthos was a major ancient Lycian city located near present-day Kınık in Antalya Province, Turkey, flourishing from around 1500 to 500 BC on a hill overlooking the River…
Andriake Ancient City
The ancient port city of Myra in Lycia, located in modern Demre, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its most prominent structure is a massive Roman granary (horrea) built under Emperor…
Apollonia
An ancient Lycian city near Kilincli village in the Kas district of Antalya Province, Turkey, at 418 m elevation. Pillar tombs in the northern necropolis date the settlement to…
Arykanda
Arykanda is an ancient Lycian city built on five terraces on a mountain slope about 1,000 meters above sea level, near present-day Aykiriçay in Antalya Province, Turkey [1][2].…
Aslantepe Ruins
A 30-metre-high archaeological tell covering 4.5 hectares on the Malatya plain in eastern Turkey, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021. Occupied from the 6th…
Aspendos Ruins
Ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya province, Turkey, founded by Greek colonists. Best known for its exceptionally preserved Roman theatre built in 155 AD by architect Zenon, with…
Assos Ruins
Ancient Greek city on the Aegean coast of Canakkale province, Turkey, founded by Aeolian colonists from Lesbos around 1000-900 BC. Its acropolis at 238 m elevation holds the only…
Atçana Harabeleri
Alalakh (Tell Atchana) is a major Bronze Age archaeological mound in Hatay Province, Turkey, located about 20 km northeast of Antakya in the Amuq Valley. The site was inhabited…
Çatalat Viranşehir Antik Kent
Ancient city in southeastern Turkey known as Constantia or Tella in Late Antiquity. Originally a Hellenistic settlement, it was renamed Antoninopolis under Septimius Severus (c.…
Euromos Ruins
An ancient Carian city near Milas in southwestern Turkey, known from the 5th century BC as Cyramos before being renamed Euromos ('Beautiful and Strong') under King Mausolus. The…
Han Underground City
A lesser-known underground city in the town of Han, Eskisehir Province, central Anatolia, Turkey. The complex covers approximately 1.5 square kilometers and dates primarily to the…
Harran Ruins
The ruins of an ancient Mesopotamian city 44 km southeast of Sanliurfa, Turkey, with a history spanning over 5,000 years. First documented in the Ebla tablets around 2300 BC,…
Hierapolis
An ancient Greco-Roman city at Pamukkale in southwestern Turkey, founded as a formal city under the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC on the site of a 7th-century BC Phrygian…
Karakabaklı
An ancient agricultural settlement in the Taurus mountains of Cilicia, near Silifke in Mersin Province, Turkey. Founded in the Hellenistic period, it was rebuilt during the Roman…
Kitanaura Antik Kenti
Kitanaura was an ancient Lycian city whose ruins lie near Saraycik village in the Kumluca district of Antalya Province, Turkey. The city was unknown to ancient authors and was…
Kültepe
Kültepe (ancient Kaneš/Neša) is a major Bronze Age site in Kayseri Province, Turkey, with origins in the early 3rd millennium BC. It features a large mound and lower city, where…
Metropolis Antik Kenti
Metropolis is an ancient city in western Turkey near Yeniköy village, approximately 40 km SE of İzmir. Occupation at Bademgediği Tepe dates back to the Neolithic period [1]. In…
Myra Antik Kenti
By the 3rd century BC, Myra was a Hellenized Lycian city on the river Myros in a fertile alluvial plain between the Massikytos range and the Aegean Sea [1]. After the wars of the…
Olympos Ruins
Ancient Lycian port city in a deep valley along a creek flowing into the Mediterranean. One of the six cities of the Lycian League holding three votes, Olympus had a medium-sized…
Patara
Patara (1500-500 BC) was an ancient Lycian maritime city and at times the capital of Lycia. The extensive ruins include a 6,000-seat theatre, a bouleuterion (council house), a…
Pednelissos Antik Kenti
Pednelissos was an ancient Pisidian city located in the hills above Kozan, approximately 30 km north of Perge in southern Turkey. Listed by Artemidoros among the cities of…
Perga
Perga (or Perge) was an ancient city in Pamphylia, originally a Lycian settlement that became a Greek city. It later served as the capital of the Roman province of Pamphylia…
Rhodiapolis Ancient City
Rhodiapolis was a compact ancient city in Lycia, situated on a hill northwest of modern Kumluca in Antalya Province, Turkey. Founded by Rhodian colonists, its Lycian name was…
Sar Ruins
The Sar ruins are the remains of Comana Cappadocia (also called Comana Chryse, 'the golden'), an ancient sacred city in what is now Adana Province, Turkey. The city was renowned…
Soura
Soura (also Sura) is an ancient Lycian city near Demre in Antalya Province, Turkey, with origins dating to the 4th century BC. The site was a dependency of nearby Myra but held…
Stratonikeia Ancient City
Stratonikeia is one of the most important ancient city-states in inner Caria, located near Yatagan in Mugla Province, Turkey. Inhabited continuously from the Late Bronze Age (c.…
The Ancient City of Side
Side is an ancient city on Turkey's Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Alanya, founded in the 7th century BC by Greek colonists from Kyme in Aeolia. Uniquely, the settlers…
Theimussa Ancient City
An ancient Lycian settlement on the northern shore of Ucagiz Bay in Demre district, Antalya, Turkey. An inscription at the site dates the settlement to the 4th century BC.…
Trebenna Antike Stadt
Trebenna was an ancient Lycian city at the border with Pamphylia, located near modern Caglarca in the Konyaalti district of Antalya Province, Turkey, at 658 m elevation. First…
Turunçova
Turunçova is located near the ancient Carian town of Phoinix (Phoenix) on the Bozburun Peninsula in southwestern Turkey. The area in the Phoinix district of ancient Caria has been…
Tyberissos Antik Kenti
Tyberissos was an ancient Lycian settlement located near present-day Çevreli in the Demre district of Antalya Province, Turkey[1].
Typalia Antik Kenti
Typallia was an ancient city on the border between Lycia and Pisidia, located on a rocky hill called Asarlik Tepe near modern Citdibi, 27 km from Antalya. The city existed across…
Temple complex in Türkiye (26)
Acropolis of Tlos
Tlos was one of the oldest and most important cities of ancient Lycia, with occupation dating back over 4,000 years. Mentioned as 'Dalawa' in Hittite sources from the 15th century…
Afrodit Tapınağı
The Temple of Aphrodite at Aphrodisias, an ancient Greek city in southwestern Turkey inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2017 [1]. The temple dates to the 3rd century BC…
Apollon Symintheion Ruins
The Smintheion, near Gulpinar in Canakkale Province, is a sanctuary dedicated to Apollo Smintheus ("Lord of Mice"), referenced in Book 1 of Homer's Iliad where priest Chryses…
Apollon Tapınağı
The Temple of Apollo is a Roman temple complex built around 150 AD during the Pax Romana in the ancient city of Side, located on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey…
Appolonia Temple Ruins
Apollonia was an ancient Lycian city near modern Kas in Antalya Province, Turkey. Its necropolis contains pillar tombs dating to c. 500 BC, attesting to Lycian origins. In the 1st…
Archaeological Site Temple of Dionysus
The Temple of Dionysus stands in the ancient city of Teos, one of the twelve cities which formed the Ionian League on the coast of Ionia [1][2]. This sanctuary was dedicated to…
Arsemia Ören Yeri
Summer capital of the Kingdom of Commagene, founded c. 260 BC by King Arsames on the Nymphaios River near modern Adiyaman, Turkey. The site features a hierothesion (sacred tomb)…
Asclepieion of Pergamon
One of antiquity's foremost healing centres, rivalling Epidaurus and Kos, located 3 km southwest of the Pergamon acropolis in modern Bergama, Turkey. Founded in the 4th century…
Athena Tapınağı
(530 BC) Ruins of a temple dedicated to Athena at Assos, featuring a megaron-style layout facing east with a columned entrance [1]. The structure combines Doric architectural…
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in central Turkey shaped by volcanic eruptions from Mount Hasan and Mount Erciyes, whose soft tuff formations enabled millennia of rock-cut…
Elaiussa Sebaste
Elaiussa Sebaste is an ancient Cilician city founded in the 2nd century BC on a small island near present-day Ayas, 55 km from Mersin on Turkey's Mediterranean coast. Renamed…
İdebessos
Idebessos was an ancient Lycian city located at the foot of the Bey Mountains to the west of the Alakır river valley in the Kumluca district of Antalya Province, Turkey[1]. The…
Kadyanda
Ancient Lycian city situated on a steep mountain over 900 m above sea level near modern Uzumlu, 19 km northeast of Fethiye, Turkey. Monuments and inscriptions date back to the 5th…
Kaunos
Ancient Carian city on Turkey's Mediterranean coast, with origins dating to the 10th century BC. [1] The archaeological site features a fortified acropolis with Byzantine walls, a…
Lyrbe
Lyrbe is an ancient city in the Taurus mountains near Manavgat, Antalya Province, Turkey, whose name derives from the Luwian language suggesting very early origins. Its agora,…
Öküzlü Ören Yeri
Okuzlu Oren Yeri is an archaeological site in the Erdemli district of Mersin Province, Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast. The site was occupied during the Hellenistic, Roman, and…
Phaselis
Phaselis was a Greek and Roman port city on the coast of ancient Lycia, founded by Rhodian colonists in 690 BC. Situated on an isthmus with three harbours, it became the most…
Pinara
Pinara was one of the six principal cities of the Lycian League, founded in the 5th century BC when Xanthos became overpopulated. Located 40 km from modern Fethiye in Mugla…
Priene Ruins
Priene was an ancient Greek city of Ionia located at the base of an escarpment of Mycale, about 6 kilometres north of the Maeander River[1]. The city was built on the sea coast,…
Sidyma
Sidyma is an ancient Lycian city on the southern slope of Mount Cragus, near modern Dodurga in Mugla Province, Turkey. First recorded in the Delian League tribute lists around 425…
St. Jacob's Church Nisibis
The 4th-century Mar Yakov Church (Church of Saint Jacob) in Nisibis was originally constructed as the baptistery of a cathedral that no longer survives[1]. Located in modern-day…
Sura - Ancient Oracle
Sura was an ancient Lycian settlement and oracle site, functioning as a dependency of the major city of Myra during the 4th century AD [1]. The site is renowned for its Temple of…
Temple of Artemis - Sardes
The fourth largest Ionic temple in the ancient world, located in the ruins of Sardis, capital of ancient Lydia in western Turkey. Construction began in the Hellenistic period…
Temple of Augustus and Rome
A Roman temple in Ankara (ancient Ancyra), erected between 25 and 20 BC after Augustus conquered Galatia and made the city the provincial capital. Built on the site of an earlier…
The Temple of Artemis-Selçuk
The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, near modern Selcuk, was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. First built around 550 BC and funded by Croesus of Lydia, it was burned by…
Yazılıkkaya
Yazılıkaya is a rock-cut sanctuary near Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite Empire, in Çorum Province, Turkey [1]. The sanctuary contains the most important group of Hittite rock…
Megalithic stones in Türkiye (25)
Ancient City of Laodicea
Laodicea on the Lycus was a wealthy Hellenistic city in western Asia Minor, famous for its black wool production, banking services, and medical achievements [1][2]. Strategically…
Antioch of Pisidia
Founded by Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter in the 3rd century BC near modern Yalvac, this Hellenistic city became a prestigious Roman colony titled Colonia Caesarea Augusta after…
Aspendos Theatre
Roman theatre built in 155 AD by architect Zenon, son of Theodorus, during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. The best-preserved ancient theatre in the world, it seats 7,000-8,500…
Belevi Mausoleum
The Belevi Mausoleum is a Hellenistic monumental tomb located 14 km northeast of Ephesus in western Turkey. Originally designed for Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great…
Çavuştepe
Cavustepe (Sardurihinilli) is an Urartian fortress built by King Sarduri II (r. 764-735 BC) near Gurpinar, 25 km southeast of Van in eastern Turkey. The site comprises upper and…
Didyma
Didyma was an ancient Greek sanctuary near Miletus on Turkey's western coast, home to an oracle of Apollo second in importance only to Delphi. The original temple was destroyed by…
Eflatun Pınar Hitit Anıtı
Eflatun Pinar is a Hittite spring sanctuary from the second half of the 13th century BC, located in Lake Beysehir National Park, 85 km west of Konya in central Anatolia. The…
GOLOGOÇ VİRANŞEHİR ŞANLIURFA TARİHİ KEMER
Gologoc Harabeleri is an archaeological ruin site near the Viransehir-Ceylanpinar border in Sanliurfa Province, within the hinterland of ancient Tella (Constantina), a fortified…
Hadrian's Gate
Hadrian's Gate is a triumphal arch in Antalya, Turkey, built in 130 CE to honor Roman Emperor Hadrian after his visit to the city [1]. The arch was later incorporated into the…
Hattuşa Örenyeri
The capital of the Hittite Empire during the late Bronze Age, Hattusa was one of the largest fortified cities of the ancient world. Located near modern Boğazkale in central Turkey…
Hattusas
Hattusa, near modern Bogazkale in north-central Turkey, was the capital of the Hittite Empire in the 2nd millennium BC and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986. Spanning…
Karabölücülü Harabeleri
(3rd c. BC - 7th c. AD) Ruins of an ancient settlement in Rough Cilicia near modern Çamlıbel village, Silifke, Mersin Province. Occupied from the Late Hellenistic through Early…
Karahan Tepe
Karahan Tepe is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in Şanlıurfa, Turkey, dating to 10,000–9500 BCE[1]. Excavations have uncovered T-shaped pillars, similar to those found at Göbekli…
Kyaneai Ören Yeri
Cyaneae (Kyaneai) was the second largest city in central Lycia after Myra, located near modern Kas in Antalya Province, Turkey. The oldest findings date to the 6th century BC,…
Labranda Ruins
Labraunda is an ancient Carian and Mysian sacred site in the mountains of Caria, Turkey, five kilometers west of Ortaköy in Muğla Province [1]. The site was significantly…
Lagina
An ancient sanctuary in Caria (modern Turgut, southwestern Turkey) containing a monumental temple of Hecate built in the 2nd century BC, measuring 21.3 by 28 meters with…
Letoon
A sacred Lycian sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Leto and her twin children, Artemis and Apollo, located 4 km south of Xanthos in southwestern Turkey. The site features three…
Obelisk Of Theodosius
The Obelisk of Theodosius is an ancient Egyptian obelisk of Pharaoh Thutmose III (r. 1479-1425 BC), originally erected at the Temple of Karnak and later transported to…
Örenyeri
A major archaeological mound in Corum Province, Turkey, 25 km north of the Hittite capital Hattusa, with fourteen occupation layers spanning from the mid-Chalcolithic (6th…
Pasli
Pasli is a Roman-era rural settlement in eastern Rough Cilicia, Turkey, situated within the territory of ancient Olba, about 10 km northwest of the coastal city Korasion. The site…
Smyrna Agora Ancient City
The Agora of Smyrna is an ancient Roman agora located in modern İzmir, Turkey. Originally constructed by Greeks in the 4th century BC [1]. The agora was destroyed by a…
Şuayb Antik Şehri
The site contains remains of residential structures built in typical Roman house styles, thought to have served as summer residences for inhabitants of the Harran Plain [1]. A…
Tapınak
Phaselis was an ancient Greek and Roman port city on the coast of Lycia, founded around 700 BC by settlers from Rhodes. The city had three natural harbors and became a major…
Tlos Ruins
Tlos is one of the oldest and most important Lycian cities, established over 4,000 years ago in the Xanthos Valley near modern Seydikemer, Mugla Province, Turkey. Hittite texts…
Yunus Sütunu
Yunus Sütunu (Pillar of Jonah) is an ancient ruin near Sariseki in Hatay Province, Turkey, functioning as a watchtower and toll station guarding the highway connecting Cilicia to…
Necropolis/tombs complex in Türkiye (23)
Amyntas Rock Tombs
A 4th-century BC Lycian rock-cut tomb at ancient Telmessos (modern Fethiye, Turkey), carved into a cliff face to resemble a Greek temple facade with a triangular pediment and…
Aslanlı Mabet
Arslanli Mabet (Temple of Lions), also known as Solon's Tomb, is a rock-cut tomb in central Anatolia near Eskisehir, Turkey [1][2]. Dating to the 6th century BC, it was used…
Caunos Tombs of The Kings
Rock-cut tombs at the ancient Carian city of Kaunos near Dalyan in southwestern Turkey, on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List since 2014. The earliest artefacts date to the…
Demircili Anıt Mezarları
Demircili (ancient Imbriogon) in Silifke district, Mersin Province, Turkey, contains remarkably well-preserved Roman-era monumental tombs dating from the first half of the 2nd to…
Demre
Demre (ancient Myra) was a prominent Lycian city in southern Turkey, one of six major members of the Lycian League from the 2nd century BC. The site is famous for its Lycian rock…
Gavur Evi Anıtı
Gavur Evi Anıtı is a Roman-era necropolis and tomb complex featuring two rock-cut monuments with unique architectural designs. The first monument displays a triangular roof…
Hatay Altınözü Yunushanı Gelinler Dağı Nekropolü
The Yunushanı Gelinler Mountain Necropolis is a Roman-period burial complex in Altınözü district, Hatay Province, Turkey[1]. Dating from the 1st to 5th century AD, the site…
Heroon of Trysa
A Lycian royal tomb built around 380 BC, featuring over 200 metres of polychrome limestone relief friezes depicting Greek mythology, Homeric epics, and scenes from the ruler's…
Home Tombs
7th-century BC rock-cut necropolis known as the Evkaya Tombs or Home Tombs. Originally serving as a place of worship for deities, the complex was later repurposed for burial use.…
Imbriogon Tombs
An ancient settlement in Cilicia Trachea, modern Demircili in Mersin province, Turkey, located about 8 km north of Seleukia on the road to Diocaesarea. Founded probably in the 2nd…
Karakuş Tumulus
A royal funerary monument (hierothesion) built by Mithridates II of Commagene between 38-20 BC for his mother Queen Isias, his sister Antiochis, and his sister Laodice, queen of…
Kaya mezarları
Kaya mezarları (Rock Tombs) is a Hellenistic-period necropolis in Turkey featuring rock-cut tombs carved into cliff faces, typical of elite burial practices from 500 BC to 1 AD.…
Likya Anıt Mezar
A monumental 4th-century BC Lycian sarcophagus in the center of Kas, Turkey, also known as the King's Tomb. The elevated tomb features two majestic lion heads carved on its lid…
Lycia Rock Tombs
The Lycian rock tombs are monumental burial chambers carved into cliffsides across southwestern Turkey, dating primarily to the 4th century BC. Their ornate facades resemble…
Maltepe Tumulus
(3rd c. AD) One of three burial mounds in central Bergama (modern-day Turkey). The tumulus measures 140 metres in diameter and 26 metres high, requiring roughly 80,000 cubic…
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a grand tomb built between 353 and 351 BC in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a Carian satrap of the Achaemenid Empire, and…
Parion
Parion (Parium) was an ancient Greek city founded c. 709 BC on the coast of the Hellespont in modern Kemer, Canakkale Province, Turkey. Excavations since 2005 have uncovered…
Pinara Antique City
Pinara was a significant ancient Lycian city at the foot of Mount Cragus near the western bank of the River Xanthos [1]. The necropolis features remarkable rock-cut tombs,…
Pontic Rock Tombs of Amasya
Monumental rock-cut tombs carved into the limestone of Mount Harsena (272 m) overlooking the city of Amasya and the Yesilirmak River in Turkey. The royal necropolis of the…
Saba in Ancient Sites
(4th c. AD) A historical landmark in Antalya, Turkey. The site consists of an ancient Lycian cave and tombs complex.
Soğmatar
Sogmatar (Sumatar Harabesi) is an ancient sacred site in the Tektek Mountains, approximately 60 km southeast of Sanliurfa in southeastern Turkey. Seven circular temples arranged…
The Ancient Lycian Mezarı2
The Tomb of Amyntas is a monumental 4th-century BC Lycian rock-hewn tomb carved into the southern cliffs above ancient Telmessos, now the town of Fethiye in Mugla Province,…
Tyberissos (Tubure) Kaya Mezarı
Tyberissos (Tubure) Kaya Mezarı is an ancient Lycian rock-cut necropolis located near present-day Çevreli in the Demre district of Antalya province, Turkey [1].
Fortress/citadel in Türkiye (14)
Ayanis Kalesi
A 2,700-year-old Urartian fortress built by King Rusa II (r. 685-653 BC) on a hill overlooking Lake Van in eastern Turkey. The citadel features interlocking stone walls engineered…
Belenkeşlik Castle
Belenkeslik Castle is a medieval fortification in Mersin province, Turkey, in the historical region of Cilicia. Built by Armenians in the late 12th or 13th century, it functioned…
Castle Of Urfa
Urfa Castle was originally constructed by the Osroene kingdom in antiquity, with its current fortifications rebuilt by the Abbasids in 814 AD [1]. The fortress sits on a Neolithic…
Çem Kalesi
Çem Kalesi is a fortress situated on a high rock cliff in present-day Turkey. The entrance features a worn inscription carved into stone on the left side of the tomb entrance [1].…
Çimdin Kalesi
Cimdin Kalesi is a fortress built on a rocky hill in southeastern Turkey during the 2nd century AD. Constructed of hard limestone with white cut stone walls and bastions, the…
Dağlı Kalesi
Dagli Castle is a ruined fortress in Mersin Province, Turkey, perched on a hill overlooking the Karakiz valley at over 900 metres elevation. Built during the Roman Empire in the…
Eğil Kalesi
Eğil Kalesi features extensive tunnels carved directly into the rock, royal tombs, and a necropolis area historically called the "King Cemeteries" [1].
İssium
Issium (also known as Beymelek Castle) is a fortification near Demre in Antalya Province, Turkey, dating to the 4th century BC. Built following the plan of nearby Myra castle, it…
Kahta Castle
A 2,200-year-old fortress in Adiyaman Province, southeastern Turkey, believed to date from the Commagene Kingdom (109 BC-72 AD). Built as an important headquarters alongside…
Karasis Kalesi
Karasis Kalesi is a Seleucid fortress on Mount Karasis in Cilicia, Turkey. The fortress sits on an isolated ridge rising to about 1000m in the foothills of the eastern Taurus…
Kızlar Kalesi
Kizlar Kalesi (Maidens' Castle) is a castle ruin on a conical mountain approximately 550 metres high, southeast of Cavuslu village in Mersin Province, Turkey. Dating to the Late…
Macedonian Tower
The Macedonian Tower in Edirne, Turkey, is the sole surviving corner bastion of the Roman fortress built by Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD when he founded the city as…
Mut Castle
A historic fortress in Mut district, Mersin Province, Turkey, situated at the foothills of the Taurus Mountains along the Goksu River. The site overlies the ancient Roman city of…
Zerzevan Castle
Zerzevan Castle is a fortified Roman settlement in southeastern Turkey, established as a strategic military base [1]. The site features extensive underground chambers carved into…
Megalithic structures in Türkiye (11)
Akkale
A Roman port administration complex near Tarsus in Cilicia, Turkey, built in the 4th century AD, though its main building may date to the 1st century as a palace of Archelaus of…
Bodrum Antique Theatre
The Theatre at Halicarnassus is a Greco-Roman theatre in Bodrum, Turkey, possibly built under Carian satrap Mausolos in the 4th century BC, though some scholars date it to the…
Göbekli Tepe
Göbekli Tepe is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in southeastern Turkey featuring massive circular enclosures with T-shaped stone pillars, among the world's oldest known megaliths[1].…
Hidirlik Tower
A 14-metre-high Roman structure in Antalya dating to the 2nd century AD, combining a square lower floor with a cylindrical superstructure built from precisely cut limestone…
Olympos Antique City
Olympos was a major harbor city on the southern coast of ancient Lycia, founded in the 3rd century BC and one of six cities holding three votes in the Lycian League. The pirate…
Pergamon Altar
The Pergamon Altar was a monumental Hellenistic structure erected in the first half of the 2nd century BC during the reign of King Eumenes II on the acropolis of Pergamon in Asia…
Pergamon Amfitiyatrosu
The Pergamon amphitheatre is a Roman-era structure built in the 2nd century AD in the ancient city of Pergamon, near modern Bergama, Turkey. It could accommodate approximately…
Pisarissos Antik Kenti
Pisarissos is an ancient city in northwestern Alanya, Antalya Province, Turkey, situated on the hilltop of Gavurbeleni between Hacilar and Esen Tepe villages. Dating to the…
Sillyon
Sillyon is an ancient city of Pamphylia in southern Turkey, perched on a 210-metre hill above the alluvial plain of the Aksu River (ancient Kestros). Legendarily founded after the…
Temple of Apollo
The Temple of Apollo at Didyma (the Didymaion) was the fourth largest temple in the ancient Greek world, located 11 miles south of Miletus in modern Turkey. Home to an oracle…
Termessos Ruins
Termessos is an ancient Pisidian city built at over 1,000 meters elevation on Mount Solymos (modern Gulluk Dagi) in the Taurus Mountains, 34 km northwest of Antalya, Turkey.…
Cave Structures in Türkiye (9)
Ayazini Kaya Church
A rock-cut Byzantine church in the Phrygian Valley of Afyonkarahisar province, Turkey. The settlement dates to the Phrygian period, but the church was carved during the Byzantine…
Ayşepınar
Ayşepınar is a neighborhood (mahalle) in Develi district, Kayseri Province, central Turkey [1].
Church of St. Peter
The Church of Saint Peter near Antakya (ancient Antioch) is a cave church carved into Mount Starius, measuring 13 m deep, 9.5 m wide and 7 m high [1]. The site is distinct from…
Colybrassus Antik Kenti
Colybrassus (locally known as Kucuk Ayasofya or "Little Hagia Sophia") is an ancient city located 30 km northwest of Alanya in Turkey's Taurus Mountain foothills, spanning…
Daidala
Daidala was an ancient settlement at the border of Lycia and Caria in southwestern Turkey, located at Inlice Asarli, 19 km north of Fethiye. Strabo identified it as the beginning…
Derinkuyu Underground City
Derinkuyu (ancient Elengubu) is the deepest known underground city in Cappadocia, Turkey, extending approximately 85 metres (280 ft) through 8 levels of soft volcanic tuff.…
Kanlı Divane Ören Yeri
Kanlıdivane (ancient Kanytella/Canytellis) is an ancient city in Mersin Province, Turkey, built around a massive natural sinkhole measuring 142 m long, 95 m wide, and 50 m deep.…
Kyaneai Büyük Sarnıç
Kyaneai is a fortified ancient Lycian city perched on a steep hill in southwestern Turkey, dating from the 5th century BC to the Roman period[1]. The site features diverse tomb…
Mahkeme Ağacin Kültürel Jeositi
Mahkeme Agacin is an underground cultural geosite near Kizilcahamam, 18 km from the district center north of Ankara, Turkey. Carved into volcanic tuff, the multi-storey complex…
Theatre in Türkiye (9)
Alabanda Amfi Tiyatro Tarihi Alanı
The Hellenistic theatre of Alabanda, an ancient Carian city founded in the 4th century BC near modern Cine, Aydin Province, Turkey. The theatre features a 19-metre-wide facade and…
Fethiye Antik Tiyatrosu
Fethiye Antik Tiyatrosu (Fethiye Ancient Theatre) is a theatre carved into a natural hillside in Fethiye, Turkey [1]. The cavea (seating area) retains approximately 20 rows of…
Miletus Ancient Theatre
The Theatre of Miletus in western Turkey was initially built around 300 BC as a Hellenistic theatre seating 5,300 spectators in a two-tiered cavea. Under Emperor Trajan (98-117…
Patara Antique Theatre
Patara Antique Theatre is a 3rd-century BC Greek theatre located in the ancient city of Patara, a major maritime and commercial center that served as the capital of Lycia at…
Perge Theatre
Perge Theatre is a 1st–2nd-century AD Roman theatre built in the ancient city of Perge. The theatre could accommodate approximately 11,000 spectators [1].
Priene Tiyatro
Priene was an ancient Greek city of Ionia located at the base of the Mycale escarpment, about 6 km north of the Maeander River [1]. The city was built on the sea coast overlooking…
Roma Tiyatrosu
Roma Tiyatrosu ("Roman Theatre" in Turkish) refers to one of several ancient Roman theatres across Turkey. Notable examples include the Iznik Roman Theatre, built during Emperor…
Ruins of Roman Theatre
The İznik Roman Theatre was constructed in the 2nd century AD during Emperor Trajan's reign by Governor Plinius of Bithynia, located 90 meters north of the ancient city walls of…
Termessos Tiyatrosu
The theatre of Termessos is a Hellenistic structure built into the mountainside at over 1,000 meters elevation in the ancient Pisidian city near Antalya, Turkey. Its cavea spans…
City in Türkiye (6)
Gulluk Mountain Termessos National Park
Termessos was a fortified Pisidian city founded by the Solymi people on the slopes of Gulluk Dagi (ancient Mt. Solymos) at 1,000-1,200 m elevation in modern Antalya, Turkey. In…
Hadrianapolis Antik Kenti
Hadrianapolis was a Roman and early Byzantine city located in southwestern Paphlagonia, Asia Minor, approximately 3 kilometers west of modern Eskipazar in Turkey [1]. Today, the…
Korikos Antik Kenti
Korikos Antik Kenti (Corycus) was an ancient city in Cilicia Trachaea, Anatolia, located at the mouth of the Şeytan deresi valley [1][2]. First attested in Hittite texts, the…
Kremna Antik Kent
Kremna was an ancient city founded by the Psidians in present-day Turkey. The ruins show a Roman-period settlement built on a grid plan and enclosed by defensive walls with two…
Limyra Antik Kenti
Limyra is an ancient Lycian city located near Finike in Antalya Province, Turkey, settled from at least the 5th century BC. It became the capital of Lycia under King Perikle in…
Sagalassos Archaeological Site
An ancient city in southwestern Turkey's Burdur Province, situated at 1,450-1,700m altitude in the Western Taurus Mountains. Sagalassos was conquered by Alexander the Great in 333…
Gate/archway/bridge in Türkiye (5)
Baltalı Kapı
A Roman arched gateway from the 2nd century CE, the sole surviving fragment of the city walls of ancient Mylasa (modern Milas, Turkey). Known as the "Axe Gate," it bears a carved…
Modestus Zafer Takı
The Arch of Mettius Modestus is a monumental triple-vaulted triumphal arch at the ancient Lycian city of Patara, Turkey, built around 100 AD in honor of C. Trebonius Proculus…
Nordtor Hierapolis
Hierapolis, founded in the 2nd century BC by King Eumenes II of Pergamon, preserves its ancient North Gate (Nordtor), a monumental entrance featuring massive carved Ionic pillars…
Nysa Bridge
The Nysa Bridge is a late Imperial Roman bridge spanning the Cakircak stream in the ancient city of Nysa (modern Sultanhisar) in Aydin Province, Turkey. The 100-metre-long…
Viran Kapı
The Viran Kapi (Ruined Gate) is the surviving arched entrance to the Asklepion of Pergamon in western Turkey, dating to the Roman imperial period. The gate bore the famous…
Infrastructure in Türkiye (4)
Antik Barajı
A 2,200-year-old Roman-era dam near the village of Orukaya in the Alaca district of Corum Province, Turkey. Built across a narrow ravine after the fall of the Pontic Kingdom in 65…
Kyaneai Tarihi Sarnıç
(4th c. BC) A rock-cut cistern located within the ancient city of Kyaneai in Lycia, southwestern Turkey. The cistern dates to the Classical period and represents important water…
Lefke Gate
The eastern gate of ancient Nicaea (modern Iznik), featuring a triumphal arch built by Proconsul Marcus Plancius Varus in the 1st century AD, with repairs carried out under…
Patara Ancient Lighthouse
The Patara Ancient Lighthouse is a 26-metre-tall Roman structure in the ancient city of Patara, Antalya Province, Turkey, commissioned by Emperor Nero in 64 AD. Its inscription…
Monument in Türkiye (4)
Bahşeyiş Anıtı
Bahşeyiş Anıtı is a Phrygian rock-cut monument located in Seyitgazi district of Eskişehir Province, central Anatolia, Turkey[1]. The monument showcases distinctive Phrygian…
Midas Monument (Yazilikaya)
The Midas Monument is the largest and most spectacular Phrygian rock-cut facade, carved into a cliff at Yazılıkaya in Eskisehir Province, Turkey, at over 1,300 metres elevation.…
Patara Meclis Binası
The Patara Bouleuterion (Meclis Binasi) is the parliament building of the ancient Lycian League, built in the late 2nd or early 1st century BC in Patara, Turkey. The semicircular…
Sagalassos Antoninler Çeşmesi
The Antonine Nymphaeum, a monumental fountain built during the reign of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180) at the ancient city of Sagalassos in Burdur Province, Turkey. Measuring 28…
Other sites in Türkiye (33)
Akdam Dorik Mezar
A 4th-century BC Lycian rock-cut tomb in Antiphellos (modern Kas), carved from a 4.5 by 4.5-metre stone block in Doric style. The single-chamber interior features a unique frieze…
Aspendos Aqueduct
A Roman aqueduct stretching approximately 17 km to supply the ancient city of Aspendos in Pamphylia, built in the early 2nd century AD. Its final 1.7 km feature a remarkable…
Batik Sehir Kekova
The Sunken City of Dolichiste lies submerged off Kekova Island along Turkey's Mediterranean coast. This ancient Lycian city, dating from the 14th century BC to the 2nd century AD,…
Belören Kalesi
(5th c. BC - 7th c. AD) Lycian highland fortress and necropolis near ancient Myra, possibly identified as the ancient city of Trebendai. Classical-era walls with Byzantine…
Beşkardeşler Kaya Mezarları
A three-story rock-cut tomb and hermitage complex in Ceylanli village, Kirikhan district, Hatay Province. Also known locally as Sutlu Magara (Milk Cave) or Bes Kizlar, the…
Büyük Hamam
The Buyuk Hamam (Great Bath) stands among the Roman-era ruins of Phaselis, an ancient Lycian port city near modern Tekirova in Antalya Province, Turkey. Founded by Rhodian…
Dara Fortress
Dara was an important East Roman fortress city in northern Mesopotamia on the border with the Sassanid Empire. Because of its great strategic importance, it featured prominently…
Ephesus Archaeological Museum
The Ephesus Archaeological Museum, located in Selçuk near the ancient Greek city of İzmir, Turkey, houses an extensive collection of artifacts recovered from the nearby Ephesus…
Fasıllar Monument
A massive unfinished 13th-century BC Hittite monolith near Beyşehir, Konya Province, Turkey. The 8-metre-tall, 70-ton basalt relief depicts the Storm God standing atop a Mountain…
Gavur Kalesi
A Hittite Empire-period rock relief monument in central Anatolia, Turkey, carved on a cliff face atop a natural hill. The relief depicts three deities: two large male figures…
Haron (Charonian) Kabartmasi
Haron (Charonian) Kabartmasi is a rock relief in southern Turkey near ancient Antioch, depicting a figure interpreted as Charon, the ferryman of the Greek underworld. The carved…
Helenistik Mabed
The remains of a Hellenistic temple stand in ancient Antiphellus (modern Kas), a coastal city in Lycia originally known as Habesos. Only the lower courses of the temple walls…
Işıkkale
Hellenistic through early Byzantine agricultural settlement in the Taurus Mountains, 17 km from Silifke. The ancient name is unknown. Features include preserved Roman road…
Karabal Belören Demre Antalya
Remains of the Monastery of Holy Sion, located on Asarcik Hill on the western slope of Alacadag in the Karabel region of Beloren village, Demre district, Antalya. Founded in the…
Karabel Kilisesi
Remains of an early Byzantine church at the Cagman settlement (ancient Plakoma) near Demre, Antalya, in the Lycian region of Turkey. According to the Life of Nicholas of Sion,…
Karatepe-Aslantaş Open-Air Museum
A Neo-Hittite fortress and open-air museum in Osmaniye Province, Turkey, built in the 8th century BC by King Azatiwada of the Adana plain as protection against raids from the…
Kekova Island
Kekova Island, off the Lycian coast near Demre in Antalya province, Turkey, harbors the partly submerged ruins of the ancient settlement of Dolichiste. Earthquakes during the 2nd…
Lukyanus Kitabesi
The Lukyanus Inscription and Equestrian Rock Relief is a Roman-period monument (1st–4th c. AD) in Konya Province, Turkey. It features a 1.85‑metre‑long horse relief carved on a…
Medusa Mozaiği
The Medusa Mosaic is a nearly 2,000-year-old floor mosaic in the odeon of the ancient city of Kibyra, in the Golhisar district of Burdur province, southwestern Turkey. Dating to…
Meydan Castle
Meydankale is a Hellenistic fortified settlement in the Silifke district of Mersin Province, Turkey, in the ancient region of Cilicia Trachaea (Rugged Cilicia). Dating to the…
Meydancık Castle
Meydancik Castle, originally known as Kirshu, is a 7th-century BC Luwian fortification atop a 700-metre hill in Mersin Province, Turkey. It served as the capital of the Luwian…
Mount Nemrut
Mount Nemrut is a 2,134-metre-high (7,001 ft) mountain in southeastern Turkey, featuring massive carved statues at its summit surrounding a royal tomb dating to the 1st century…
Oinoanda
Oinoanda (or Oenoanda) was an ancient Lycian city on an isolated hilltop in the upper Xanthus valley, near modern Incealiler in Mugla Province, Turkey. The site features a…
Pamukkale
Pamukkale ("Cotton Castle") is famed for its white travertine terraces formed by calcite-laden thermal spring waters cascading down a cliff nearly 200 m high. Adjacent to the…
Perge Sütunlu Cadde
The Perge Colonnaded Street (Sutunlu Cadde) is a monumental Roman road in the ancient city of Perge near Antalya, Turkey, dating to the Roman Imperial period. The street extends…
Roma Dönemi Agora Harabeleri
The Agora of Smyrna (Roma Donemi Agora Harabeleri) is an ancient Roman agora in present-day Izmir, Turkey, and one of the largest of its kind in the world. Originally built in the…
Sirkeli Höyüğü
Sirkeli Hoyuk is one of the largest settlement mounds in Plain Cilicia, measuring roughly 300 x 400 metres and rising 30 metres high on the Ceyhan River in Adana province.…
Stadion Laodikeia
The stadium at Laodicea ad Lycum is one of the largest ancient stadiums in Anatolia, carved into a cliff edge in the ancient Phrygian city near modern Denizli, Turkey. Built…
Su Kemeri
Su Kemeri is a Roman aqueduct at the ancient city of Phaselis on Turkey's southern coast near Antalya. The aqueduct stretches approximately 450 m, beginning at about 13 m above…
Termessos Kurucu'nun Evi
The ruins of Termessos Kurucu'nun Evi (Founders House) represent a Roman-type villa complex dating to the 3rd century BC, located on the outskirts of the ancient city of Termessos…
Yesemek Open Air Museum
The largest known stonemasonry workshop from the ancient Near East, covering a hillside called Aslanli Tepe (Lions Hill) in Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Established by Hittite…
Zelve Open Air Museum
Zelve is a Byzantine-era cave settlement in Cappadocia, Turkey, spread across three interconnected valleys containing some of the region's highest concentration of fairy chimneys.…
Çatıören
Çatıören is a Hellenistic archaeological site in Mersin Province, Turkey, featuring a 2nd-century BC temple dedicated to Hermes [1]. The site displays polygonal masonry…
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