Kosmaj

Kosmaj is a mountain 40 km south-east of Belgrade, Serbia, that served as a major Roman mining centre from the 2nd century AD. Administered by procurator Babenius, the mines contain an estimated 100 ancient shafts extending 2 km below ground, yielding silver, iron, and lead. Production peaked under Trajan and Marcus Aurelius, and the Balkans became the Roman Empire's primary silver source from the mid-2nd to mid-4th century. Excavations in the 1970s-80s uncovered mining necropoleis and a hidden Roman mine complex.