Santuário Rupestre de Panóias

The Sanctuary of Panoias is a Gallo-Roman rock sanctuary near Vila Real in northern Portugal, dating to the late 2nd to early 3rd century AD. It was dedicated to the infernal god Serapis and local Lapitean deities by the Roman senator Gaius Calpurnius Rufinus, likely from Perge in Asia Minor. Three large granite outcrops contain carved tanks (lacus), roasting cavities (gastra), and purification basins used in elaborate initiation rites involving animal sacrifice, blood collection, viscera burning, and ritual consumption. Four surviving inscriptions in Latin and Greek describe the ceremonies and identify the dedicant.