Citânia de Sanfins

Citania de Sanfins is a major Castro culture archaeological site in Sanfins de Ferreira, Pacos de Ferreira, Portugal, covering approximately 18 hectares. Construction developed in phases from the 5th century BC to the 2nd century AD, with remains of about 160 granite dwellings, mostly circular, clustered in family groups of 4-5 houses surrounded by rectangular enclosure walls. The settlement was protected by three concentric defensive walls. Romans took control by the 4th century, after which it was abandoned. First studied in 1895 with major excavations between 1944 and 1967, it was declared a national monument in 1946. Finds include 42 Roman coins and pottery from Castro, Roman, and later periods. A 13th-century Christian cemetery and 14th-century chapel attest to later use of the hilltop.