Pozzuoli

Pozzuoli, ancient Puteoli, was founded around 529 BCE as the Greek colony of Dicaearchia ('City of Justice') by Samian refugees fleeing the tyrant Polycrates. It became Rome's principal Mediterranean harbor after 194 BCE, ranking second only to Delos as a maritime center. The city retains a Flavian amphitheatre seating 40,000 (third largest in Italy) and the Macellum marketplace, erroneously called the Temple of Serapis. The region's volcanic pozzolana clay was crucial to Roman concrete innovation.