Pushkalavati

Pushkalavati was the capital of the ancient region of Gandhāra in modern-day northwestern Pakistan [1]. Its ruins are located on the outskirts of the modern city of Charsadda in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 35–42 kilometres northeast of Peshawar, at the banks of Jindi River [1]. The earliest archaeological remains in Bala Hisar mound are from 1400 to 800 BCE [1]. The ruins of Pushkalavati consist of two sites, separated by the small Shambor river [1]. To the south is Bala Hisar, which consists of two separate mounds, one eastern and one western [1]. To the north is Shaikhan Dheri, wedged between the Shambor and Jindi rivers [1]. According to Arrian, the city then surrendered in 327/326 BCE to Alexander the Great, who established a garrison in it [1].