Tubuco

Tubuco is the first discovered pre-Columbian port on Mexico's Gulf Coast, dating to 900-1200 AD [1]. Excavations began in October 2012 [1]. In the northeast section, archaeologists uncovered a 15-metre (49 ft) retaining wall built on large beach rock slabs and coated in white plaster made from powdered shells [1]. This structure continues sloping toward the ancient shoreline, indicating its function as a harbor installation [1]. The site's discovery challenges assumptions about Mesoamerican maritime trade, as coastal ports from this period were previously unknown in the region [1].