Bir Hima Rock Petroglyphs and Inscriptions

Bir Hima is a major rock art complex in Najran province, southwest Saudi Arabia, inscribed as part of the Hima Cultural Area UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021. Occupied from the 7th millennium BC through the 1st millennium BC, the site preserves over 6,400 human and animal illustrations including 1,800 camels and 1,300 human figures. Thousands of inscriptions appear in scripts ranging from al-musnad and Thamudic to Aramaic-Nabatean, Greek, and early Islamic, left by traders and soldiers along the ancient Incense Route linking Yemen to Egypt, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.