Pumamarka, Urubamba

Pumamarka (Quechua "puma village") is an Inca fortress-settlement 6 km north of Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley, originally built by the Wari civilization and later reused by the Incas. The site features qolqas (storehouses), two-level rectangular enclosures, ceremonial rooms, and walls up to 5 m high with mud mortar plaster. Agricultural terraces with canal irrigation systems demonstrate sophisticated water management. It controlled the entrance to the Sacred Valley from adjacent jungle areas.