Dukes of Medina Sidonia archives reveal pre-Columbian transatlantic knowledge. The Dukes of Medina Sidonia maintain one of the oldest and most important archives in Europe, located in Sanlúcar de Barrameda The archive was moved from Madrid to Sanlúcar by the 'Red Duchess' in the 1980s-2000s The archive contains merchandise records, shipping details, flora/fauna of what is now Doñana National Park (formerly an inland sea)

The Dukes of Medina Sidonia house one of Europe's oldest archives at Sanlúcar de Barrameda, relocated from Madrid by the "Red Duchess" in the 1980s-2000s. It holds shipping records and ecological data from what is now Doñana National Park. The late Duchess (d. 2008) wrote prolifically arguing Columbus wasn't first to the Americas — and local Pinzón brothers knew underwater currents that made transatlantic travel possible.

Key Facts

  • The Dukes of Medina Sidonia maintain one of the oldest and most important archives in Europe, located in Sanlúcar de Barrameda
  • The archive was moved from Madrid to Sanlúcar by the 'Red Duchess' in the 1980s-2000s
  • The archive contains merchandise records, shipping details, flora/fauna of what is now Doñana National Park (formerly an inland sea)
  • The Pinzón brothers from Cádiz province knew underwater currents and rivers that facilitated transatlantic travel
  • Ships had to pass by the Canary Islands going to the Americas and the Azores returning
  • The Duchess of Medina Sidonia (died 2005 or 2006) wrote 300 books arguing Columbus was not the first to reach the Americas
  • Columbus sailed from this area along with the Pinzón brothers