Some researchers argue the famous T-shaped pillars at Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe may have been structural roof supports rather than astronomical markers. Both sites feature semi-subterranean enclosures, often sunken into hillsides. Karahan Tepe dates to roughly 11,400 years ago, with buildings reused across many generations and construction phases.
T-shaped pillars debated as roof supports at PPNA enclosures

Key facts
- T-shaped pillars at Pre-Pottery Neolithic enclosures are argued by some to be roof supports rather than astronomical markers
- Enclosures at Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe were often semi-subterranean, sometimes sunken into the ground or built on slopes
- Karahan Tepe is dated to approximately 11,400 years ago
- Buildings at Karahan Tepe were in use for many generations across multiple phases of construction
Sources
Gobekli Tepe's Pillarsmartinsweatman.blogspot.com
The Pillars: GT is famous for its anomalous megalithic pillars, and especially the symbols carved on them. t-shaped belt buckle.
A Human Face Was Carved Into This Stone Pillar in Turkey 11000 Years Agosmithsonianmag.com
The T-shaped pillar is the first with a face to be found in the Stone Age archaeological sites of Turkey's Taş Tepeler.
Göbekli Tepeen.wikipedia.org
The T-shaped pillar tradition seen at Göbekli Tepe is unique to the Urfa region but is found at most PPN sites. These include Nevalı Çori, Hamzan Tepe ...
T-pillars – Tepe Telegramsdainst.blog
The T-shaped pillars discovered at Göbekli Tepe are big. The central pair of Enclosure D measure 5.5 m and weigh about 8 to 10 metric tons each.
Göbekli Tepewhc.unesco.org
Distinctive T-shaped pillars are carved with images of wild animals, providing insight into the way of life and beliefs of people living in Upper Mesopotamia … ...
Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe: Rethinking the Neolithic ...asatours.com.au
Several of the T-shaped pillars feature carved human arms on their lower sections, leading the site's principal excavator, Klaus Schmidt, to ...
Echo from the Past: How Göbekli Tepe is Reshaping Our ...popular-archaeology.com
Their most prominent characteristic features massive T-shaped limestone pillars, some standing over five meters tall and weighing several tons, ...
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