Knowledge spread without writing across continents

The Inca had no traditional writing yet spread exceptional stoneworking from Cusco to Ingapirca in Ecuador — thousands of kilometers — over roughly a century of imperial expansion. In South America, people building Tiahuanaco near Lake Titicaca and Cusco in Peru had no writing yet created exceptional stonework. Inca stoneworking knowledge eventually reached Ecuador (Ingapirca) thousands of kilometers away over generations of imperial expansion. In Georgia, cyclopean walls were built in the 1st millennium BC but writing only appeared in the 3rd-4th century AD. In Sardinia, the Nuraghic people developed a undeciphered script despite being surrounded by Romans, Greeks, and Carthaginians. Linear A and Linear B in Greece were found at non-cyclopean sites or in palaces, unusable by wall builders.