Three-layered megalithic architecture in Titiqaqa, Cusco

Some alternative researchers identify three distinct architectural layers at certain Cusco sites: Hanan Pacha (bedrock work), Urin Pacha (megalithic precision stonework), and Ukun Pacha (Inca-style smaller stones with mortar). However, the claim that the Inca 'discovered' a previous civilization, the reference to 'andite' as a construction material, and specific attributions to Inca rulers like Manco Kapak ordering courtyard reconstruction are speculative assertions, not established archaeological consensus. The existence of layered architectural styles is partially documented, though the precise terminology and strict chronological ordering remain subjects of debate rather than confirmed fact. Note: Mainstream archaeology recognizes the sophisticated megalithic work at sites like Sacsayhuaman predating known Inca construction, but terms like 'Hanan Pacha,' 'Urin Pacha,' and 'andite' originate from alternative archaeology sources, not established academic consensus.