Defining traits that make humans primates

Who was our ancestor when the dinosaurs died?
Source: Who was our ancestor when the dinosaurs died? by Stefan Milo

What makes a primate? Forward-facing eyes for depth perception, a post-orbital bar or complete post-orbital closure (bony ring or full enclosure behind the eye), broad-based posterior teeth, diverging thumbs and big toes, and flat nails instead of claws. These shared traits define our entire primate family. 🐒

Key facts claimed:

- Primates have forward-facing eyes for depth perception

- Primates have a post-orbital bar (strepsirrhines) or complete post-orbital closure (haplorhines) — not all primates have fully encased eye sockets

- Primates have broad-based posterior teeth

- Primates have diverging thumbs and big toes, with friction pads on hands and feet

- Primates have nails instead of claws — flattened distal digits on fingers and toes

Key facts

  • Primates have large forward-facing eyes and larger than average brains
  • Primates have a post-orbital bar - eye socket fully encased in bone
  • Primates have low-crowned, broad-based bulbous posterior teeth
  • Primates have diverging thumbs and big toes, fleshy pads on hands and feet
  • Primates have nails instead of claws - flattened distal flanges on fingers and toes
  • These traits are synapomorphies - derived shared traits among all primates
  • Tree shrews show convergent evolution with some primate traits

Related stories

Sources

Postorbital bar - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
It is a trait that occurs in some mammalian taxa, such as most strepsirrhine primates and the hyrax, while haplorhine primates have evolved fully enclosed ...
Reoriented Use of Sensesluna.cas.usf.edu
As a result, primate skulls are shaped in a way to maximize their vision. The eyes of primates are located in the front of the face, rather than on the side of ...
Evolution: Why do your eyes face forwards? - BBCbbc.com
... primate ancestors grabbing an insect from the branch of a tree. ... Not all predators, after all, have forward facing eyes. Cats, primates ...
Stereopsis in animals: evolution, function and mechanisms - PMCpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
For many years, stereopsis was thought to be confined to primates and other mammals with front-facing eyes. ... vision in non-primate and non-mammalian systems.
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