The Younger Dryas lasted ~1,200 years (12,900–11,700 years ago), causing major ecosystem disruption at the Pleistocene's end. This cooling period profoundly reshaped the continent.
Younger Dryas climate disruption coincided with horse extinction timeline

Key facts
- The Younger Dryas lasted approximately 1,200 years, from about 12,900 to 11,700 years ago (roughly 10,950 to 9,750 BC)
- Represented a major climatic disruption at the end of the ice age
- Transition from the late glacial world into the early Holocene profoundly altered vegetation, water availability, animal distributions, and human subsistence strategies
- Conventional extinction boundary for North American horses is placed between approximately 13,000 and 10,000 years ago (roughly 11,000 to 8,000 BC)
Sources
Younger Dryas / Loch Lomond Stadial - AntarcticGlaciers.organtarcticglaciers.org
The Younger Dryas / Loch Lomond Stadial was an abrupt period of renewed cooling between 12,900 and 11,700 years ago
Younger Dryas - an overviewsciencedirect.com
The Younger Dryas is the canonical abrupt climate event that occurred during the last deglaciation 12,900–11,700 years ago. The Northern Hemisphere cooled while ...
Younger Dryasen.wikipedia.org
The Younger Dryas … a period in Earth's geologic history that occurred from around 12,900 to 11,700 years before the year 2000 CE. taking place over just 3 ...
The case of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis - PMCpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
by JL Powell · 2022 · Cited by 49 — The hypothesis proposes that the airburst or impact of a comet ∼12,850 years ago caused the ensuing ∼1200-year-long Younger Dryas (YD) cool period and ...
Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event and its ...pnas.org
by H Cheng · 2020 · Cited by 292 — The Younger Dryas (YD) was an ∼1,300-y period of extreme climate ... dates suggests a time range of the YDB between 12,835 and 12,735 B.P. ...
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