Black substance on a sarcophagus: carbon, phosphorus, sulfur & chlorine. Beneath: lead, zinc, iron, titanium & arsenic. One produced strong gamma radiation! ☢️🔬
Lead coating and gamma radiation detected on Osiris Shaft sarcophagi

Key facts
- A black organic substance was found on and inside one sarcophagus, containing carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine
- Microscopic examination revealed heavy element concentrations beneath the crust, with lead as the dominant element
- Lead was accompanied by smaller amounts of zinc, iron, titanium, and arsenic
- One particular stone sarcophagus produced a strong gamma radiation reading during testing
- Research conducted by physicist Ioannis Litzis using mineralogical analysis, environmental gamma measurements, and luminescence methods
- Litzis proposed an age of approximately 3350 BC to 2250 BC for the shaft
Site mentioned
Sources
Ludovisi Battle sarcophagusen.wikipedia.org
It is known for its densely populated, anti-classical composition of "writhing and highly emotive" Romans and Barbarians, and is an example of the battle scenes ...
The Ludovisi Sarcophaguslaudatortemporisacti.blogspot.com
The Ludovisi battle sarcophagus made from a single block of marble is the biggest and artistically one of the most important Roman sarcophagi.
The Sarcophagus of Sety Iancientegyptmagazine.com
The sarcophagus was found in the beautifully decorated burial chamber. It is made from a single block of calcite, probably from the quarry at Hatnub near Amarna ...
Ludovisi Sarcophagusjudaism-and-rome.org
The main relief is found on the front of the sarcophagus, on which a large battle scene is taking place between Roman soldiers and 'Barbarians'.
Multimethod Analyses of Roman Sarcophagi at the Museo ...researchgate.net
Photograph : Frances Van Keuren. 5. Multimethod Analyses of Roman Sarcophagi at the Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome 157. AUTHOR'S COPY | AUTORENEXEMPLAR.
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