Hekla 3 volcanic eruption theory and Bronze Age collapse in Eastern Mediterranean

The Hekla 3 Bronze Age Apocalypse Theory
Source: The Hekla 3 Bronze Age Apocalypse Theory by The Historian's Craft

🌋 Irish bog oaks showed stunted growth for 2 decades, & tephra cores from Scotland/Ireland pointed to Iceland's Hekla volcano erupting around 3,000 years ago. Could a volcanic winter explain Bronze Age collapse? Evidence remained inconclusive 🤔

Key facts claimed:

- Late Bronze Age collapse noticed in 19th century when destruction sites in Greece matched Egyptian records of Sea Peoples

- Climate change and volcanic eruptions proposed as causes starting in early 20th century

- 1989 study examined Irish bog oaks showing two decades of limited growth

- Volcanic tephra recovered from core samples in Scotland and Ireland

- Hekla volcano in Iceland thought to have erupted around 1100 BC

Key facts

  • Late Bronze Age collapse noticed in 19th century when destruction sites in Greece matched Egyptian records of Sea Peoples
  • Climate change and volcanic eruptions proposed as causes starting in early 20th century
  • 1989 study examined Irish bog oaks showing two decades of limited growth
  • Volcanic tephra recovered from core samples in Scotland and Ireland
  • Hekla volcano in Iceland thought to have erupted around 1100 BC
  • Hekla 3 eruption named for third prehistoric eruption
  • Theory proposed volcanic winter devastated crops
  • Theory fell out of favor as evidence for Eastern Mediterranean collapse was inconclusive
  • No clear archaeological sequence of site destruction or abandonment north of Eastern Mediterranean
  • No meaningful textual records of famines directly connected to eruption

Related stories

Sources

Icelandic Volcanoes and Irish Prehistory: tales of tephraucc.ie
Tephra is any volcanic material that is ejected into the air during an eruption, and ranges in size from big blocks and bombs down to volcanic ash.
Do Irish Bog Oaks Date the Shang Dynasty? - Current Archaeologyarchaeology.co.uk
When the effect was quantified it was discovered that seriously reduced growth episodes, indicated by the “widespread occurrence of narrowest ...
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