1986 drilling found imported quartz sand behind Queen's Chamber walls. In 1986, three drill cores were drilled at different angles into the Western Wall of the Queen's Chamber passage First core drilled 30° from horizontal reached 2.6m depth with 20cm sand cavity, second core at 35° had 10cm sand cavity, third core at 40° reached at least 40cm deep sand cavity The sand is smooth, large-grained pure quartz not native to Giza Plateau
In 1986, French scientists drilling at the Great Pyramid of Giza discovered cavities filled with fine quartz sand behind walls in a passage near the Queen's Chamber area. The sand was anomalous and not native to the Giza Plateau. No substantial follow-up investigation occurred in subsequent decades 🔬
Key Facts
- In 1986, three drill cores were drilled at different angles into the Western Wall of the Queen's Chamber passage
- First core drilled 30° from horizontal reached 2.6m depth with 20cm sand cavity, second core at 35° had 10cm sand cavity, third core at 40° reached at least 40cm deep sand cavity
- The sand is smooth, large-grained pure quartz not native to Giza Plateau
- Closest match is El Tour on the Sinai Peninsula, hundreds of miles away
- The passage sand is 99% pure quartz compared to Giza sand which is a mixture of calcite, quartz and plagioclase
- Grain size ranges 100-400 microns versus 10-100 microns for local Giza sand
- Sand grains are smooth and rounded versus angular Giza desert sand
- Well-graded quartz sand reduces friction of dragging heavy stones by up to half compared to local desert sand
- No follow-up drilling has occurred at the Great Pyramid since 1986
- Egyptology has characterized the sand as simple filler material
Related site: Great Pyramid of Giza — view location, images, and history on the Ancient Nerds map.
Source: How Sand Built the Great Pyramid by History for GRANITE