Indigenous high-temperature kilns over 1100°C challenged as archaeological impossibility

Indigenous high-temperature kilns over 1100°C challenged as archaeological impossibility. Steatite figurines heated to over 1100°C to convert to chlorite Glazed pottery from Cahokia in blue glaze required 1100°C Copper ingot at Okanto, Wisconsin shows evidence of melting

Archaeological consensus says Indigenous peoples couldn't reach temperatures above 1100°C, but evidence suggests otherwise: blue-glazed Cahokia pottery requires this temperature, copper ingots at Okanto, Wisconsin show melting, and 26-cm smelted copper hairpins were found at Spiro Mound, Oklahoma. The Smithsonian claimed the Spiro copper pins were 'planted' as fraud. Spanish colonial journals describe Native American kilns and furnaces. Fatwood (resin-rich pine) burns hot enough for high-temperature smelting work.

Key Facts

• Steatite figurines heated to over 1100°C to convert to chlorite
• Glazed pottery from Cahokia in blue glaze required 1100°C
• Copper ingot at Okanto, Wisconsin shows evidence of melting
• Smelted copper hairpins 26 cm long found at Spiro Mound, Oklahoma
• Smithsonian claimed these copper pins were 'planted' by fraud
• Bronze requires 800-900°C to melt, iron requires 1500-1600°C
• Native Americans had kilns and furnaces according to Spanish journals
• Fatwood (resin-rich pine) burns at extremely high temperatures for smelting

Related site: Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — view location, images, and history on the Ancient Nerds map.

Source: The Shaman and The Philosopher by Institute for Natural Philosophy