~94 million years ago, massive deep-sea volcanic eruptions released huge CO2, shutting down thermohaline ocean currents and causing ocean anoxia. This left a 1-2m thick black layer atop white limestone, found in Algeria, Italy, England, Wyoming, Colorado, California, and Alaska. Lasting geological signatures!
Bonarelli Event left 1-2m black geological layer ~94 million years ago
Key facts
- Geological formation dating to approximately 94 million years ago
- Identified in Algeria, Italy, England, Wyoming, Colorado, California, and Alaska
- White limestone layer (ancient sea remains) capped by a 1-2 meter thick black layer
- Black layer records a mass extinction event
- Caused by massive deep-sea volcanic eruptions releasing large amounts of CO2
- Resulted in shutdown of thermohaline ocean currents and ocean anoxia
- Used as analogy: major events leave detectable signatures in the geological record over hundreds of millions of years
Sources
Cenomanian–Turonian boundary eventen.wikipedia.org
Anoxic Event (OAE 2), and referred to also as the Bonarelli Event or Level, [2] was an anoxic extinction event in the Cretaceous period.
First evidence for the Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic ...ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
by V Karakitsios · 2007 · Cited by 44 — ... event (OAE2, 'Bonarelli' event) in mainland Greece. The event is manifested by the occurrence of a relatively thin (35 cm), yet exceptionally organic…
How global was the Bonarelli Oceanic Anoxic Event?earthscience.stackexchange.com
First evidence for the Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic anoxic ...link.springer.com
by V Karakitsios · 2007 · Cited by 44 — First evidence for the Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic anoxic event (OAE2, 'Bonarelli' event) from the Ionian Zone, western continental Greece.
An overview of the Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events in ...ucrisportal.univie.ac.at
by A Mansour · 2023 · Cited by 9 — OAE2 (Bonarelli Event) are the most widespread and well-defined OAEs compared with the more regional OAE3 and Valanginian–Hauterivian black shales. OAE2 ( ...
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