2025 multi-author paper resolves Old and Middle Kingdom chronology debate. Paper published May 28, 2025 with 10 co-authors Co-authors include Stuart Manning (Santorini/Thera eruption expert) and Michael Dee (pyramid radiocarbon specialist) 48 new high-precision radiocarbon dates were obtained from museum collections and freshly excavated samples

A paper published May 28, 2025, with 10 co-authors including Thera eruption expert Stuart Manning and pyramid radiocarbon specialist Michael Dee, reports 48 new high-precision dates from museum and freshly excavated samples. Combined with legacy data and king-list records in a Bayesian framework, the authors conclude the low chronology is no longer empirically supported for the Old and Middle Kingdom — a 2,000-year span of Egyptian history.

Key Facts

  • Paper published May 28, 2025 with 10 co-authors
  • Co-authors include Stuart Manning (Santorini/Thera eruption expert) and Michael Dee (pyramid radiocarbon specialist)
  • 48 new high-precision radiocarbon dates were obtained from museum collections and freshly excavated samples
  • Paper combined new data with legacy radiocarbon data and textual king-list records using Bayesian statistical framework
  • Conclusion: the low chronology is no longer empirically supported for the Old and Middle Kingdom
  • The paper addresses the high vs low chronology debate for a 2,000-year stretch of Egyptian history

Related site: The Great Pyramid of Giza — view location, images, and history on the Ancient Nerds map.